本計畫「建構海洋廢棄物淨零排放循環經濟模式」，為因應2050我國淨零排碳之目標，於日常生活減少塑膠原料之開採，改採海洋廢棄物經處理後所產出塑膠再生料來達成一定的減碳效益。因此本計畫規劃友善海洋標章之相關草案規範及標章管理原則；提供海廢再生聯盟就碳足跡盤查建立碳排基線進行相關教育訓練，使海廢再生聯盟就產品碳足跡及提供產品碳足跡盤查輔導，並進一步研析海洋廢棄物資源化及燃料化差異分析，並於海洋廢棄物淨零排放循環經濟模式初步探討及研擬，製做海洋廢棄物應用之電子手冊提供海廢再生聯盟業者作為參考資料，以利擴大海廢應用。
        為海洋廢棄物再生料的商品化及減少有害化學成分對海洋環境影響針對國內外海廢回收再利用驗證制度，共收集了國內2項標章制度及國外7項驗證制度，除我係國由環境部頒發的海廢溯源再生產品標章，其餘皆由第三方認證及協會等進行頒發，參考海廢料或再生料之驗證訂定草案規範；另外蒐集美國夏威夷州及北卡萊納州頒發的友善海洋標章，就墨西哥、帛琉及泰國所管制化妝品不含二苯甲酮及甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯成分，納入我國友善海洋標章的定義範圍，推動「友善海洋標章」結合國際經驗與國內現況，亦符合全球對於海洋保護高度重視。
        為協助海廢再生聯盟業者深入了解產品與組織碳排放狀況，並銜接國家2030淨零碳排目標，本計畫舉辦1場次教育訓練活動，聚焦於國際碳管理趨勢、產品碳盤查技術、減碳方法學與海廢減碳應用等多項主題，提升業者對碳排放管理認知，並提供實務操作的指導與方向。在國際碳管理趨勢的討論中，介紹各國政府在碳排放管理與減碳政策上的具體措施，並透過國際案例分析與實務分享，展示其他產業如何落實減碳行動，協助業者提升自身經營模式與策略，其中再利用業者對於相關碳盤查訓練及知識有高度需求，得知其碳排情形才得以配合品牌商進行減碳作為。
        此次碳排放盤查涵蓋10項海廢產品，分別為3項海廢再生原料與7項海廢再生產品。經盤查結果發現，碳排放最高的產品為海廢板材兒童學習桌椅，每公斤碳排放達18.48 kgCO2e/kg，主要原因在於該產品需經歷回收、處理、再利用等步驟，製程程序繁多且能源消耗較高；相較之下，碳排放最低的為海廢再生浮球再生粒子，每公斤僅0.53 kgCO2e/kg，因其製程較為簡單且能源使用量少。針對盤查結果，已為受輔導廠商提供多項減碳建議，包括提升設備能源效率與壓出機能源效率，期望透過技術改進降低製造過程中能源消耗，進一步減少碳排放量。
        海廢資源化及燃料化調查後，發現資源化部分因規模經濟及市場經濟於建構階段，且回收處理成本高昂。海漂廢棄物與海底廢棄物需累積到一定數量後才得以載運，清運費用居高不下，部分地區因運費關係需仰賴政府補助才能進行回收與處理。燃料化部分則以將海廢製成SRF（固體回收燃料）粒子為評估對象，後續用於再生能源供應。然而，海廢中含有氯鹽，會造成鍋爐燒結並導致設備受損，目前國內業者因成本考量使用海廢SRF之意願。在循環經濟下，針對海廢淨零排放進行研究，比較漁網、保麗龍及寶特瓶之海廢再生料予原生料生產的碳排放，結果顯示隨著再生料添加比例增加，碳排放減量幅度也相應提高。資源化是目前處理海洋廢棄物的最佳方式，其碳排放遠低於燃料化。
         協助海廢再生聯盟業者減少淨零帶來之減碳焦慮，製作電子手冊包含國際減碳趨勢、海廢循環供應鏈技術、產業溫室氣體盤查系統、產品碳足跡與低碳化設計的介紹，以及海廢再生料應用的實例等內容。另接軌未來發展趨勢，提供海廢供應鏈的減碳案例，有助於海廢再生聯盟朝淨零減碳目標邁進。
關鍵字:海洋廢棄物、產品碳盤查、淨零碳排
 
Abstract
his project, "Constructing a Net Zero Emission Circular Economy Model for Marine Debris," aims to respond to Taiwan's goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050. It seeks to reduce the extraction of plastic raw materials in daily life by utilizing processed marine debris to produce recycled plastic materials, thereby achieving certain carbon reduction benefits. Therefore, this project plans to complete the relevant draft specifications for the "Friendly Ocean Label" for more comprehensive label management principles. It will provide education and training for the” Marine Debris Recycling Coaliation” to establish carbon emission baselines through carbon footprint verification, guide the carbon footprint verification of products, analyze the differences between resource recovery and fuel recovery of marine debris, and preliminarily explore and formulate a circular economy model for net zero emissions from marine debris .. Subsequently, an electronic manual on the application of marine debris provided to the” Marine Debris Recycling Coaliation”  members as reference material to expand marine debris applications.
To commercialize marine debris recycled materials and reduce the impact of harmful chemical substances on the marine environment, a total of 2 domestic labeling systems and 7 international verification systems were collected regarding marine debris recycling and reuse verification systems. In addition to the marine debris traceability and recycling product label issued by Taiwan ministry of environment, the others are issued by third-party certifications and associations. The verification of marine debris or recycled materials should include at least 1% or more. Additionally, friendly ocean labels issued by Hawaii and North Carolina in the United States were collected, as well as regulations in Mexico, Palau, and Thailand that prohibit harmful ingredients like benzophenone and octinoxate in cosmetics. These are included in the definition of Taiwan's friendly ocean label. The promotion of the "Friendly Ocean Label" combines international experience with domestic conditions, aligning with global emphasis on marine protection.
To assist the members of : Marine Debris Recycling Coalition” in understanding their products and organizational carbon emissions and to respond to the national goal of net zero carbon emissions by 2030, an educational training event was held. The training focused on international carbon management trends, product carbon footprint verification techniques, carbon reduction methodologies, and marine debris carbon reduction applications. This enhanced participants' understanding of carbon emission management and provided practical operational guidance. The event introduced specific measures taken by various governments regarding carbon emission management and reduction policies through discussions on international carbon management trends. By analyzing international case studies and sharing practical experiences, it demonstrated how other industries implement carbon reduction actions, providing assistance to help participants optimize their business models and strategies.  The recycling operators expressed a high demand for relevant carbon footprint verification training and knowledge, as understanding their carbon emissions is essential for coordinating carbon reduction actions with brand owners.
The carbon emission assessment covered 10 types of marine debris products, divided into 3 types of marine debris recycled materials and 7 types of marine debris recycled products. The assessment found that the product with the highest carbon emissions was the marine debris recycled board children's learning desk and chair, with carbon emissions reaching 18.48 kgCO2e/kg. The main reason is that this product undergoes multiple steps, including recycling, processing, and reuse, leading to a complex manufacturing process and high energy consumption. In contrast, the product with the lowest carbon emissions was the marine debris recycled buoy particles, with only 0.53 kgCO2e/kg due to its simpler manufacturing process and lower energy usage. Based on the assessment results, multiple carbon reduction recommendations have been provided to the assisted manufacturers, including improving equipment energy efficiency and extrusion machine energy efficiency, with the expectation that technological improvements will reduce energy consumption during manufacturing and further decrease carbon emissions.
After investigating the resource recovery and fuel recovery aspects of marine debris, it was found that resource recovery is hindered by the immaturity of economies of scale and market economics, along with high recycling and processing costs. marine debris and seabed waste must accumulate to a certain volume to be transported, and the high transportation costs rely on government subsidies due to distance between marine debris collection area to recycling facilities. The fuel recovery aspect envisions converting marine debris into SRF (Solid Recovered Fuel) particles for subsequent use in renewable energy supply. However, the presence of chlorides in marine debris can cause boiler fouling and damage equipment, necessitating maintenance.
In the simulation of a circular economy of marine debris research. Comparing the carbon emissions of the production of recycled materials from marine waste such as fishing nets, styrofoam and PET bottles with those of virgin materials, the results show that as the proportion of recycled materials added increases, the extent of carbon emission reduction also increases accordingly. Resource recovery is currently the best way to deal with marine waste, and its carbon emissions are lower than fuel recovery.
Assisting the marine debris  recycling collation members to reduce the carbon reduction anxiety caused by net zero, and  an electronic manual has been produced which including international carbon reduction trends, marine debris recycling supply chain technology, industry greenhouse gas inventory system, product carbon footprint and low-carbon design introduction, as well as marine debris examples of application of waste and recycled materials, etc. In addition, it is in line with future development trends and provides carbon reduction cases for the marine waste supply chain, which will help the Marine Waste Recycling Alliance move towards the goal of net zero carbon reduction.
Key Words: Marine Debris, Product Carbon Footprint Verification, Net Zero