本研究針對2024年小琉球綠蠵龜的生殖生態進行調查，涵蓋母龜產卵、稚龜孵化、生態環境與微生物分析等多面向研究，並對保育措施及未來研究方向提出建議。結果顯示，小琉球平均每年有3隻母龜上岸產卵，今年的數據符合歷年平均，但整體孵化率偏低，僅40%。低孵化率的主因包括海水淹沒、溫度過高或降雨導致的溫度驟降等環境壓力。此外，產卵季節和沙灘特性對母龜產卵行為有顯著影響，肚仔坪沙灘為最主要產卵地點，產卵成功率相對較高。
本計畫共進行1月至12月每月一次空拍調查調查，結果顯示，沿岸海龜平均數量為514隻次；拍攝單次海龜數量最高為10月，共954隻次，數量最低為1月77隻次。沿岸綠蠵龜熱點為『肚仔坪沿岸』，1至12月平均113隻；其次為『龜仔路腳→漁福漁港』，1至12月平均85隻次；海龜數量最少之區域為『大福亭→龜仔路腳』及『中澳→花瓶岩』1月至12月平均8隻次。
此外，微生物分析顯示卵窩中革蘭氏陰性菌為主要菌群，其中部分弧菌具有公共衛生風險，但抗藥性指標低於台灣其他海龜群體。
為改善小琉球的綠蠵龜保育成效，建議採取以下措施：增強天然植被保護，進行卵窩遮陰與降溫試驗，減少人為干擾，並加強社區參與與環境教育。同時，應繼續累積長期監測數據，深入分析沙灘特性與氣候變化對海龜繁殖的影響，並透過夜視監控技術與食性調查，進一步優化保育管理策略。
本研究對於理解小琉球綠蠵龜的生殖生態及保育挑戰提供了重要依據，期望未來可藉由多層次的研究與保育措施，促進綠蠵龜族群的穩定繁衍與棲地永續發展。
Abstract
This study investigated the reproductive ecology of green sea turtles in Liuqiu in 2024, covering various aspects such as nesting by female turtles, hatchling emergence, habitat environment, and microbiological analysis. It also provided recommendations for conservation measures and future research directions. The results showed that, on average, three female turtles nested annually in Liuqiu, with this year's data aligning with the historical average. However, the overall hatching success rate was low, at only 40%. The primary causes of low hatching rates included environmental pressures such as seawater inundation, high temperatures, or abrupt temperature drops caused by rainfall. Furthermore, the nesting season and beach characteristics significantly influenced the nesting behavior of female turtles, with Duziping Beach being the main nesting site, where nesting success rates were relatively high.
Monthly drone surveys were conducted from January to December, and the results indicated an average of 514 turtle sightings along the coast. The highest number of turtles recorded in a single survey occurred in October, with 954 sightings, while the lowest was in January, with 77 sightings. The coastal hotspot for green sea turtles was "Duziping Coast," with a monthly average of 113 turtles from January to December. This was followed by "Guizilujiao → Yufu Fishing Port," with a monthly average of 85 sightings. The regions with the fewest turtles were "Dafu Pavilion → Guizilujiao" and "Zhongao → Vase Rock," averaging 8 sightings per month.
Additionally, microbiological analysis revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant group in the nests, with some Vibrio species posing public health risks, although their antibiotic resistance indicators were lower compared to other sea turtle populations in Taiwan.
To improve the conservation effectiveness of green sea turtles in Liuqiu, the following measures are recommended: enhancing the protection of natural vegetation, conducting shading and cooling experiments for nests, reducing human disturbances, and strengthening community involvement and environmental education. Furthermore, it is essential to continue long-term monitoring, analyze the effects of beach characteristics and climate change on turtle reproduction, and optimize conservation management strategies through technologies such as night vision monitoring and dietary studies.
This study provides a critical basis for understanding the reproductive ecology and conservation challenges of green sea turtles in Liuqiu. It is hoped that future multi-level research and conservation efforts will promote the stable reproduction of green sea turtle populations and ensure the sustainable development of their habitats.
