中文摘要
本計畫於111至112年，每年利用橫截線照相調查法監測臺灣本島之北部及東北部、東部、南部，以及離島地區之綠島、蘭嶼、小琉球和澎湖的淺礁和深礁等31地點，共62組樣點的珊瑚礁底棲群聚結構。根據珊瑚覆蓋率和珊瑚/藻類比例分級礁區狀況，兩年結果比較顯示失能減少1組、衰退增多4組、穩定減少3組、健康增多1 組，全臺珊瑚平均覆蓋率為35.1和38%，顯示兩年之間整體礁區狀況相似。此外，3D監測潮境、石梯坪和萬里桐固定樣區珊瑚的覆蓋率、型態、結構複雜度和群體消長情形，結果也顯示兩年間相似。因此，臺灣雖然歷經111年海洋熱浪引發的全臺珊瑚大白化事件，但約有61%礁區的珊瑚仍維持穩定和健康。然而，112年臺灣歷經5次颱風登陸並對珊瑚造成破壞，但尚未評估影響程度，因此強烈建議後續的珊瑚監測應每年進行，尤其是珊瑚衰退與失能較多的地區，包括北部及東北部、南部、和小琉球；而由於小琉球和綠島的環境開發與人為影響日益嚴重，也建議增加花瓶岩和柴口列入3D監測樣點，以對臺灣高價值的珊瑚資源保育成效能夠有效掌握和及時改善，促進永續發展。
Abstract
The coral communities at both shallow and deep areas of 31 sites (totally 62 areas) in northern, eastern, and southern Taiwan as well as off-islands including Green Island, Orchid Island, Xiaoliuqiu, and Penghu Islands were annually monitored during 2022-2023 using photo-transect method. The status of coral ecosystems were classified according to coral coverage and coral/algae ratio. Comparison of the two-year results showed that disability decreased by 1 area, decline increased by 4 areas, stable decreased by 3 areas, and health increased by 1 area. The overall coral mean cover were 35.1% and 38% in 2022 and 2023, respectively, suggesting similar coral statuses between the two years. Furthermore, results of 3D coral monitoring, including coral cover, colony forms, structural complexity, and colony changes in permanent quadrats at Chaojing, Shitiping, and Wanlitong were also similar between the two years. Although a marine heatwave induced Taiwan-wide mass coral bleaching event occurred in 2022, 61% of coral areas still remained stable and healthy. However, Taiwan experienced five typhoons which caused damage to corals in 2023, but the impact has not been assessed. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that subsequent coral monitoring should be conducted every year, especially in regions with more areas declined and disabled such as northern and southern Taiwan as well as Xiaoliuqiu. In addition, Huapingyan at Xiaoliuqiu and Chaikou at Green Island are suggested to conduct the 3D monitoring due to the increasing environmental development and human impact. It is hoped that these conservation efforts will promote the sustainable development of Taiwan’s high-value coral resources.
